The diefinition of vitamin D and the interpreation of the vitamin D level
What is vitamin D?
Vitamin D (also referred to as “calciferol”) is a fat soluble vitamin that is naturally present in a few foods, added to others, and available as dietary supplement.
How is it made?
It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis.
Vitamin D has two main forms, D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol), that differ chemically only in their side-chain structures, Both forms are well absorbed in the small intestine.
The importance of vitamin D in a human body
The main role of vitamin D in human body is to regulate the calcium use to support the formation of the bones. The receptors in a small bowel enterocytes enhance calcium and phophosrus absorption, and bone receptors stimulate mineralization of newly formed bone.
Other fucntions of vitamin D
Function | Deficiency |
Modulates immun system and pro-inflammatory cytokines = Reduction of inflammation | Arthritis, lupus, IBS, Multiple sclerosis |
Inhibits cell growth / agniogenesis / differentiation | Cancer (prostate, breast, colon) |
Glucose metabolism / pancreatic B-cell function / Insulin sensitivity | Diabetes mellitus |
Influences smooth muscle tone, endothelium cardiomyocytes, controls intracelllar Ca+, RAAS | Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke |
Anti-oxidative / neuroprotective | Dementia, Alzhehimer's, schizophrenia, depression |
The main role of vitamin D in human body is to regulate the calcium use to support the formation of the bones. The receptors in a small bowel enterocytes enhance calcium and phophosrus absorption, and bone receptors stimulate mineralization of newly formed bone. | Myofasial pain, Musuloskeletal pain, myopathy |
What happens if vitamin D levle is too high or Low?
Vit D Deficiency | Vit D Excessive |
Rickets | Calcification of soft tissue |
Poor absorption | Renal failure |
Short Bowel Syndrome | |
Antiepileptic treatment | |
Biliary cirrhosis (liver disorder) | |
Nephrotic syndrome | |
osteomalacia | |
Decreased 1,25-(OH) Vitamin D when PTH synthesis secrtion is impaired | |
Aging | |
Obesity (Body mass index > 30 kg/square meter) | |
What is normal reference range for vitamin D?
There are several recommendations on the vitamin D deficiency
nmol/L | Vitamin D Council | Endocine Society | Food and Nutrition Board | Testing Laboratories |
Deficient (ng/mL) | 0 - 30 | 0 - 20 | 0 - 11 | 0 - 31 |
Insufficient (ng/mL) | 31 - 39 | 21 - 29 | 12 - 20 | |
Enough (ng/mL) | 40 - 80 | 30 - 100 | > 20 | 32 - 100 |
Excessive (ng/mL) | > 150 | | | |
Reference
[FREND System]
Rapid quantitative immunoassay analyzer
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